In the process of minimisation, two more revolutionary technologies have emerged: molecular scale of electronics (MSE) and Quantum computing.

It was never thought these would also indirectly provide a solution for reducing particles in vibration. These solutions meet the objectives of realising low cost and smaller-size systems. Minimal circuit designs, which lead to technologies of very large scale integration (VLSI) or ultra large scale integration (ULSI), are now well-established technical solutions. Reduced circuitry or a minimal system helps in reducing the number of vibrating particles. Therefore any brute attempt towards green initiative should have direct or indirect motivation to reduce this thermal vibration.

In case of electrical, electronic or computer systems, wasteful heat is generated due to thermal vibration of particles in the components. Invariably, energy efficiency is required to address reduction in heat dissipation that is basically responsible for emission of carbon dioxide. In today’s scenario, primary challenge in achieving green computing is to realise energy-efficient devices, energy-efficient processing and energy-efficient networking. Of course different strategies would be needed to nudge ICT towards green computing, which is necessary to reduce the pollutants generated in collection, processing and transportation of the information. As per one research-based estimate, fifty billion devices like computers, mobile phones, sensors, actuators and robots shall connect to the Internet by this year’s end, creating even more havoc. As a rule of thumb, if world-wide increasing application of ICT is assumed to contribute at least twenty per cent towards carbon dioxide, ICT becomes responsible for sixteen per cent of global warming. Carbon dioxide accounts for about eighty per cent of global warming.

Green ict benefit ppt